1)歌剧的产生与哀歌(lamento)~卡瓦利 《卡利斯托》
2)正歌剧(seria)与关系性的错综~亨德尔《阿尔西那》
3)喜歌剧(buffa)与误解~莫扎特《费加罗的婚礼》
4)歌剧与命运性~瓦格纳《漂泊的荷兰人》
5)歌剧与看不到的事物/听不见的声音~R.施特劳斯《莎乐美》
参考书目
*Donald Jay Grout & Hermine Weigel Williams, A Short History of Opera. 4th ed.
(Columbia University Press, New York,2003)
*Carolyn Abbate, Unsung Voices: Opera and Musical Narrative in the Nineteenth Century.
(Princeton University Press, Princeton, N.J.,1991)
*Jane Glover, Cavalli.,(Batsford, London,1978)
*Winton Dean, Handel and the Opera Seria. (University of California Press, Berkeley,1969)
*Rudolph Angermuller (preface and translation by Stewart Spencer), Mozart's Operas. (Rizzoli, New York,1988) ,
Rudolph Angermuller (吉田泰辅译)《莫扎特的歌剧》(东京:音乐之友社,1991)
*Lawrence Kramer, Opera and Modern Culture : Wagner and Strauss. (University of California Press, Berkeley,2004)